import math
import random
import string

def pr1(n):
    accu = 0
    for i in range(1, n+1):
        accu += 1/math.log(i*i+1)
    return accu

def pr1a(n):
    return sum([1/math.log(i*i+1) for i in range(1, n+1)])

def pr2(lista):
    return lista[random.randint(0, len(lista)-1)]

def pr3(filename):
    #initialize a counting dictionary with the letters
    dic = {}
    for letter in string.ascii_letters:
        dic[letter]=0
    #open the file and count ASCII letters only
    with open(filename) as inf:
        for line in inf:
            for letter in line:
                if letter in dic:
                    dic[letter]+=1
    #Now find the highest values by walking through the dictionary
    winner, runnerup = '', ''  #initialize the winning letters
    winval, runupval = 0, 0 #initialize the winning frequency
    for key in dic:
        if dic[key] > winval:
            runnerup, runupval = winner, winval #demote current winner
            winner, winval = key, dic[key] #new one takes the lead
        elif dic[key] > runupval:
            runnerup, runupval = key, dic[key]
    return winner, runnerup, dic

def pr4(lista):
    return len(lista), sum(lista)

def pr5filegenerator(filename):
    """we need a file to test problem 5 on, so here we generate it"""
    with open(filename, "w") as outf:
        for _ in range(20):
            for i in range(random.randint(1, 5)):
                print(random.randint(1, 100), end=" ", file = outf)
            print(file = outf)  #need to generate a new line

def pr5(filename_in, filename_out):
    with open(filename_in) as inf, open(filename_out, "w") as outf:
        for line in inf:
            numbers = [int(number) for number in line.split()]
            print(sum(numbers), file=outf)
        
def pr6(filename):
    count = 0
    with open(filename) as infile:
        while True:
            try:
                line=infile.readline()
                if not line:
                    break
                count += 1
            except UnicodeDecodeError:
                count += 1
    return count